Part II, Chapters 2.11-13, App. D ACS Style Guide, Chapter 14
References & Bibliography
Formats of Reference Sections and Citation of Reference in Text
Citing Reference in Text
[1] By superscript numbers, which appear outside the punctuation.
Oscillations in the Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction were reported previously.5
[2] By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text an inside the punctuation.
Oscillations in the Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction were reported previously (5).
[3] By author name and year of publication in parentheses inside the punctuation.
The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnigan et al., 2004).
Citation Style Depends on Journal
Type 1 Journals
Journal of the American Chemical Society, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, J. Org. Chem., 1
Crystal Growth & Design, Cryst. Growth Des., 1
Type 2 Journals
Biochemistry, Biochemistry, 2
Chemical Research in Toxicology, Chem. Res. Tox., 2
Type 3 Journals
Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, Assess. Eval. Higher Educ., 3
Citing One or More Author(s)
1 Author: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnigan, 2004).
2 Authors: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnigan and Bird, 2004).
3 or More Authors: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnigan et al., 2004).
Citing Author(s) in Text
1 Author: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined by Finnigan (2004).
2 Authors: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined by Finnigan and Bird (2004).
3 or More Authors: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined by Finnigan et al. (2004).
Citing References in Text
[1] By superscript numbers: Oscillations in the Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction were reported previously.5-7,11
[2] By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text: Oscillations in the Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction were reported previously (5-7, 11).
[3] By author name and year of publication in parentheses: The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnigan et al., 2004; Gerson et al., 2005).
Multiple Citation to Same Group
[1] By superscript numbers: No problem.
[2] By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text: No problem.
[3] By author name and year of publication in parentheses: Add a, b, c to year.
The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined Finnigan et al. (2004a; 2004b).
The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined Finnigan and coworkers (2004a; 2004b).
Logical Placement of Citation
Aspirin has been synthesized from oil of wintergreen (5) and by carboxylation of sodium phenoxide (6).
Aspirin has been synthesized from oil of wintergreen and by carboxylation of sodium phenoxide (5, 6).
Type 1 Example
Type 1 Example
Type 2 Example
Type 3 Example
Type 3 Example
Formatting References
Journal Article
Journal Abbreviations from CASSI Chemical Abstract Service Source Index
CASSI online
CASSI Sample Record
Journal Abbreviations
Pagination Field
Books (without Editors)
Books (with Editors)
Web Sites
Articles
Communications
Reviews ; Review Articles
Mini-Reviews
Highlights
Essays
Perspectives
Book, Chapters by same Author(s)
Edited Book, Chapters by different Authors(s)
Stereotyped Format
Title
Abstract
Body
References
Chapters and Sections References End of Section vs. End of Document
Section #1
Formatting References
Formatting References
Formatting Reference Sections
Hanging References
Footnote / Endnote Separators
Footnote / Endnote Separators